The final characteristic of the sonnet is the turn, or volta. Shakespeare wrote so many sonnets of this form that we now commonly call it the Shakespearean sonnet. Finally, the last two lines (13 and 14) are grouped together as a couplet, and rhyme with each other – if they were added on to the scheme we wrote out above, they would be G-G ("proved" and "loved" in Sonnet 116). In our example, "minds" and "finds" are the "a" rhyme in stanza 1, and "love" and "remove" are the "b" rhyme in stanza 2, "mark" and "bark" are "c," while "shaken" and "taken" are "d," et cetera. The whole poem follows the rhyme scheme A-B-A-B/ C-D-C-D/ E-F-E-F. The so-called English sonnet is divided into three quatrains (stanzas of four lines each), which in turn each have two rhymes. Shakespeare’s sonnets are all written in a different rhyme scheme than their Continental predecessors. However, once it got to England in the sixteenth century, British poets started to shake things up a bit. These European sonnets followed a rhyme scheme referred to now as the Petrarchan (or Italian) sonnet. The sonnet, a fourteen-line poetic form that originated in medieval Italy, made its way over to England through the very popular poems of Petrarch, an Italian poet, and Ronsard, a French one. A perfect example is line 5 (italicized syllables are stressed): O no! It is an ev-er fix-ed mark Now that we’ve got the meter down, let’s take a look at the form.
Altogether, every line has ten syllables – five iambs times two syllables per iamb = ten syllables total. Each of these feet is one of the "da- dum" – the dum is stressed. This is a fancy way of explaining the consistent da- dum, da- dum, da- dum rhythm of the lines every line has five two-syllable "feet" (yes, that’s what they’re actually called), or iambs. This sonnet, like all of the other sonnets, and like Shakespeare’s plays, is written in iambic pentameter.
Let’s tackle the simpler part first: the meter. Elizabethan (Shakespearean) Sonnet, Iambic Pentameter